CBT for children

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) has gained a reputation as a go-to treatment for various mental health issues in adults, but what about its effectiveness for children? Let’s break it down in a straightforward way, backed by research.

CBT is a type of psychotherapy that focuses on the connection between our thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. It helps individuals identify negative thought patterns and replace them with healthier ones. For children, this can mean learning to tackle anxiety, depression, and other behavioural issues in a structured way.

Research suggests that CBT can be quite effective for children. A meta-analysis conducted by Weisz et al. (2006) reviewed multiple studies and found that CBT significantly reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression in children. This analysis included over 50 studies, highlighting that CBT is not just effective in theory, but has a solid track record in practice.

Another study by Kendall (2011) emphasized that CBT not only helps alleviate symptoms but also equips children with lifelong coping skills. By learning to challenge negative thoughts, children can better manage stress and anxiety, which is especially important during the often tumultuous years of childhood and adolescence.

Pros of CBT for Kids

1. Structured Approach: CBT is generally a short-term therapy, often requiring only 6 to 20 sessions. This structured nature can be particularly appealing for children and parents looking for quick, effective solutions (Hofmann et al., 2012).

2. Skill Development: CBT teaches children practical skills they can use immediately. For example, they learn to recognise when they’re feeling anxious and apply techniques to manage those feelings, fostering independence (Chorpita & Weisz, 2009).

3. Adjustable for Age: CBT can be adapted to suit different developmental stages. With younger children, therapists often incorporate play and storytelling, making it engaging and relatable (Weersing & Weisz, 2002).

Cons of CBT for Kids

1. Age Appropriateness: While CBT can be adapted for various age groups, young children may struggle with the cognitive aspects. They might find it hard to articulate their thoughts or feelings, which can limit the effectiveness of the therapy (Silverman & Hinshaw, 2008).

2. Resistance to Change: Some children may resist the structured nature of CBT or find it challenging to change long-standing thought patterns. This can lead to frustration for the child (Rapee, 2012).

3. Therapist-Dependent: The success of CBT often hinges on the relationship between the child and the therapist. If a child doesn’t feel comfortable or connected with their therapist, it can significantly impact the outcome (Kazdin, 2005).

Overall, the evidence suggests that Cognitive Behavioural Therapy can be an effective treatment for children dealing with various mental health challenges. It offers practical skills and coping mechanisms that can help children navigate their emotional landscapes. However, it’s essential to consider the individual child’s needs and developmental stage when determining if CBT is the right fit. Consulting with a mental health professional can provide guidance tailored to your child’s specific situation. 

References

- Chorpita, B. F., & Weisz, J. R. (2009). Evidence-based frameworks for youth mental health services. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 38(3), 1-14.

- Hofmann, S. G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I. J., Sawyer, A. T., & Fang, A. (2012). The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Review of Meta-analyses. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36(5), 427-440.

- Kazdin, A. E. (2005). Evidence-Based Treatments for Children and Adolescents: Issues and Challenges. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34(1), 9-21.

- Kendall, P. C. (2011). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxious Children: Therapist Manual. Workbook Publishing.

- Rapee, R. M. (2012). The role of parenting in the development of anxiety disorders. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 46(11), 1014-1020.

- Silverman, W. K., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2008). The Effects of Psychosocial Treatments on Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(5), 569-578.

- Weersing, V. R., & Weisz, J. R. (2002). The Role of Child and Parent Factors in the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Youth Anxiety Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(3), 751-760.

- Weisz, J. R., McCarty, C., & Valeri, S. (2006). Effects of Psychotherapy for Depression in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132(1), 122-149.